Adoption to Zigzag Technology and Alternative Fuel Source: An Environmental Perspective on Brick Kilns in Kasur District

Abstract

This study predominantly focused on investigating stack emission gases in brick kilns of Kasur area with the focus on type of brick kiln (design) and fuel used as source of energy. The stack emissions monitoring of three different type of brick kiln that includes FCBTK (Biomass Fuel), FCBTK (Coal Fuel) and IDZK (Coal Fuel) was carried out in November, 2019 and May, 2021. Among the parameters measured included CO₂, O₂, CO, SO₂, NO_x, and TPM and other related data such as size, production, technology and number of workers. The results revealed that overall values of 2021 for all pollution parameters are significantly lower than those of 2019, which may attribute to government policies regarding cleaner fuel and technological modification in brick kilns. Considering all pollution parameters, it was concluded that biomass briquette based Bull Trench Kiln, with little bit modifications to control excess air factor for better air-fuel ratio, is most environment friendly and economically viable option for under developing county like Pakistan.